Isingeniso Sezitifiketi Ezihlukahlukene

UL [eNyakatho Melika]

I-UL yisifinyezo se-Underwriter Laboratories Inc. e-United States. I-UL Safety Testing Laboratory iyona enegunya elikhulu e-United States futhi ingenye yezikhungo ezinkulu ezizimele emhlabeni ezibandakanyeka ekuhlolweni nasekuhlolweni kokuphepha. Iyisikhungo sobungcweti esizimele, esenzelwe inzuzo esenza izivivinyo zokuphepha komphakathi. Isebenzisa izindlela zokuhlola zesayensi ukutadisha nokunquma ukuthi izinto ezahlukene, amadivayisi, imikhiqizo, imishini, izakhiwo, njll. ziyingozi yini empilweni nasempahleni kanye nobukhulu bomonakalo; inquma, ihlanganisa, futhi ishicilele amazinga nezinto ezihambisanayo ezisiza ekunciphiseni nasekuvimbeleni ukulahlekelwa empilweni nasempahleni, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo yenza ibhizinisi lokucwaninga amaqiniso. Isitifiketi se-UL siyisitifiketi esingaphoqelekile e-United States, esigxile kakhulu ekuhlolweni nasekuqinisekisweni kokusebenza kokuphepha komkhiqizo, futhi ububanzi baso bokuqinisekiswa abufaki izici ze-EMC (Electromagnetic Compatibility) zemikhiqizo.

Isitifiketi se-UL

Ngamafuphi, ihileleke kakhulu ekuqinisekisweni kokuphepha komkhiqizo kanye nebhizinisi lezitifiketi zokuphepha zokusebenza. Umgomo wayo omkhulu ukuthola imikhiqizo enezinga eliphezulu lokuphepha emakethe futhi ifake isandla ekuqinisekiseni impilo yomuntu siqu kanye nokuphepha kwempahla. Ngokuphathelene nesitifiketi sokuphepha komkhiqizo njengendlela ephumelelayo yokususa izithiyo zobuchwepheshe ekuhwebeni kwamazwe ngamazwe, i-UL nayo idlala indima enhle ekukhuthazeni intuthuko yokuhweba kwamazwe ngamazwe.

I-UL ihileleke kakhulu ekuqinisekisweni kokuphepha komkhiqizo kanye nebhizinisi lezitifiketi zokuphepha zokusebenza. Umgomo wayo omkhulu ukuthola imikhiqizo enezinga eliphezulu lokuphepha emakethe futhi ifake isandla ekuqinisekiseni impilo yomuntu siqu kanye nokuphepha kwempahla. Ngokuphathelene nesitifiketi sokuphepha komkhiqizo njengendlela ephumelelayo yokususa izithiyo zobuchwepheshe ekuhwebeni kwamanye amazwe, i-UL idlala indima enhle ekukhuthazeni intuthuko yokuhweba kwamanye amazwe.

I-UL yasungulwa ngo-1894. Esigabeni sokuqala, i-UL yayithembele kakhulu ezimalini ezinikezwa umnyango womshuwalense womlilo ukuze iqhubeke nokusebenza kwayo. Kwaze kwaba ngo-1916 lapho i-UL yazimela ngokuphelele. Ngemva kweminyaka ecishe ibe yikhulu yentuthuko, i-UL isibe yisikhungo sokuqinisekisa esidumile emhlabeni wonke esinesethi ephelele yezinhlelo zokuphatha eziqinile zenhlangano, ukuthuthukiswa okujwayelekile, kanye nezinqubo zokuqinisekisa umkhiqizo. I-UL iphathwa umkhandlu owakhiwe ngabameleli abavela kochwepheshe bezokuphepha, izikhulu zikahulumeni, abathengi, umkhakha wezemfundo, izinsiza zomphakathi, imboni yomshuwalense, kanye neminyango ejwayelekile. Umsebenzi wansuku zonke uphathwa ngumongameli kanye namaphini kamongameli. Njengamanje, i-UL inamalabhoratri amahlanu e-United States, kanti indlunkulu yayo itholakala edolobheni laseNorthbrook, enyakatho yeChicago. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amalabhoratri ahambisanayo asungulwe eTaiwan naseHong Kong ngokulandelana. E-United States, kubathengi, uphawu lwe-UL luwuphawu lokuphepha. Emhlabeni jikelele, i-UL ingenye yabahlinzeki abathembekile kakhulu bokuhlola ukuhambisana kwabakhiqizi.

Isitayela selogo

Uphawu lwe-UL luvame ukuphawulwa emkhiqizweni kanye/noma ekupakishweni komkhiqizo ukukhombisa ukuthi umkhiqizo uphumelele isitifiketi se-UL futhi uhlangabezana nezidingo ezijwayelekile zokuphepha.

Izinhlobo zezinsizakalo zokuqinisekiswa komkhiqizo we-UL kanye nokuhlolwa zifaka phakathi ukufakwa ohlwini, ukuqashelwa, kanye nokuhlukaniswa.

Okuqukethwe Kwesevisi

Uhlu (OLUHLWE):

Ngokuvamile, ukufakwa ohlwini kusebenza kuphela emikhiqizweni ephelele kanye namadivayisi ahlukahlukene kanye nokufakwa okungashintshwa noma kufakwe endaweni ngabasebenzi abafanelekayo. Imikhiqizo eyahlukahlukene ehlanganiswa yizinsizakalo zokufakwa ohlwini ze-UL ifaka: izinto zasendlini, imishini yezokwelapha, amakhompyutha, imishini yezentengiselwano, kanye nemikhiqizo eyahlukahlukene kagesi esetshenziswa ezakhiweni, njengezinhlelo zokusabalalisa ugesi, ama-fuse, izintambo, amaswishi, nezinye izingxenye zikagesi. Emikhiqizweni ebhalwe yi-UL, uphawu lokufakwa ohlwini lwe-UL ngokuvamile lungaphawulwa kumkhiqizo ngamunye. Ngokuphathelene nokusetshenziswa kophawu lokufakwa ohlwini.

Ukuqashelwa (Kuyaqashelwa):

Insizakalo yokuqashelwa iyiphrojekthi engaphakathi kwezinsizakalo ze-UL. Imikhiqizo ekhonjiwe ingasetshenziswa kuphela njengezingxenye nezinto zokusetshenziswa kumikhiqizo ebhalwe ohlwini lwe-UL, ehlukaniswe ngezigaba, noma eminye imikhiqizo eqashelwayo. Imikhiqizo eqashelwayo ayiphelele ngesakhiwo noma inemikhawulo ethile ekusetshenzisweni kwayo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okulindelekile kokuphepha. Ezimweni eziningi, insizakalo yokulandelela yemikhiqizo eqashelwayo iwela ngaphansi kwesigaba se-R. Imikhiqizo eqashelwayo eyingxenye yesigaba se-L ifaka izintambo zikagesi (AVLV2), izintambo ezicutshunguliwe (ZKLU2), ama-wire harnesses (ZPFW2), izintambo ze-aluminium (DVVR2), kanye nama-flexible metal conduits (DXUZ2). Imikhiqizo eqashelwayo iyadingeka ukuze ithwale uphawu lokuqashelwa.

Ukuhlukaniswa (Ukuhlukaniswa):

Insizakalo yokuhlukanisa ihlola kuphela izingozi ezithile zomkhiqizo noma ihlola imikhiqizo ehambisana nezinye izindinganiso (kufaka phakathi izindinganiso eziqashelwa emhlabeni wonke njengezindinganiso ze-IEC kanye ne-ISO) ngaphandle kwezindinganiso ze-UL. Ngokuvamile, imikhiqizo eminingi ehlukanisiwe akuyona imikhiqizo yabathengi kodwa imikhiqizo esetshenziswa embonini noma kwezentengiselwano. Uphawu lokuhlukanisa uphawu lwe-UL lubonisa ukuthi kunezimo ezithile ezivimbelayo kanye nezindawo ezicacisiwe lapho umkhiqizo ukhonjwa yi-UL. Isibonelo, emikhiqizweni yamakhemikhali njengezixazululo zezimboni, kuphela ububanzi bezingozi zomlilo ezingaba khona lapho umkhiqizo ufika ekushiseni kwawo kwe-flash point kuhlolwa. Insizakalo yokuhlukanisa kwemikhiqizo ethile ifana nensizakalo yokufakwa ohlwini, kodwa ngokuvamile, kuhlolwa isici esisodwa noma eziningana zomkhiqizo. Isibonelo, e-United States, imishini yokuxilonga i-X-ray yezokwelapha kumele ihambisane nemithetho nemigomo kazwelonke mayelana nokukhishwa kwemisebe kanye nokunemba kwemisebe ezweni lonke. Kodwa-ke, njengoba i-UL ihlukanisa kuphela imisebe ye-X njengemikhiqizo ehlukanisiwe, ihlola kuphela izici ezifana nokusebenza kwayo kwemishini, ukusebenza kukagesi, kanye nokunye ukusebenza okungeyona kwemisebe.

Izinsizakalo Zokufakwa Kuhlu Okuningi, Ukuqashelwa Okuningi, noma Ukuhlukaniswa Okuningi:

Uma umfakisicelo we-UL, ngemuva kokuthola izinsizakalo zohlu, ukuqashelwa, noma zokuhlukanisa ezishiwo ngenhla, efuna ukukhiqiza umkhiqizo ngaphansi kwegama lenye inkampani ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo zokuthengisa, angafaka isicelo sezinsizakalo zohlu oluningi, ukuqashelwa okuningi, noma zokuhlukanisa eziningi. Kulesi simo, umenzi othole uhlu, ukuqashelwa, noma zokuhlukanisa uvunyelwe ukusebenzisa igama lenye inkampani kukhathalogi yomkhiqizo, kodwa umkhiqizo, ngaphandle kwekhodi yenkampani, ikhodi yomkhiqizo, noma ezinye izici i-UL ebona ukuthi ziyamukeleka, kumele uhambisane nomkhiqizo obhalwe ekuqaleni, oqashelwayo, noma ohlukaniswe ngezigaba.

Isevisi Yokufakwa Kuhlu, Ukuqashelwa, noma Ukuhlukaniswa "AL":

Uma umfakisicelo we-UL engafuni ukuthola izinsizakalo zokufakwa ohlwini, ukuqashelwa, noma zokwahlukanisa egameni lenkampani yakhe, angafaka isicelo sokufakwa ohlwini, ukuqashelwa, noma sokwahlukanisa egameni lelinye igama lebhizinisi (ngokuvamile umthengisi noma umthengisi omkhulu), okungukuthi, isevisi yokufakwa ohlwini, ukuqashelwa, noma yokwahlukanisa ethi "AL". Umehluko phakathi kwayo nezinsizakalo zokufakwa ohlwini eziningi, ukuqashelwa okuningi, noma zokwahlukanisa eziningi ukuthi umfakisicelo akayona inhlangano efakwe ohlwini.

Inqubo Yokuqinisekisa:

Umfakisicelo ulungisa i-prototype --- ulungiselela izinto ezihambisanayo --- uhlela ukuhlolwa --- uhlola ukuhlolwa kanye nezinto --- uqedela umbiko --- uhlela ukuhlolwa kwefektri --- uthola isitifiketi.