Ukuvinjelwa Komhlaba Wonke kwe-PFAS kwe-EU: Inselele Ebalulekile Yokuthobela Imithetho Kwabathumeli Bempahla BaseShayina

NgoMashi 2026, i-European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) yakhipha uchungechunge lwezimemezelo ezibalulekile, kanye neKomidi layo Lokuhlola Ingozi (RAC) kanye neKomidi Lokuhlaziywa Kwezenhlalo Nezomnotho (SEAC) bephetha izingxoxo zabo ngokulandelana ngombono ohlongozwayo wesiphakamiso sokuvinjelwa komhlaba wonke ngezinto ze-per- kanye ne-polyfluoroalkyl (PFAS). Lesi sinyathelo siphawula ukungena okusemthethweni komthetho ophelele we-PFAS we-EU esigabeni sokuthuthuka esibalulekile. Njengomkhiqizi omkhulu womhlaba wonke kanye nomthengisi wemikhiqizo ehlobene ne-PFAS, amabhizinisi okuthumela kwamanye amazwe aseShayina manje abhekene nezinselele ezinkulu zokuthobela imithetho. Ukuqonda ngokunembile izikhathi zokulawula kanye nokusebenzisa ukuhlolwa nokulawula kwe-PFAS okugcwele kube yizinto eziza kuqala kumabhizinisi ukuze agcine indawo yawo emakethe ye-EU.

Kungani i-PFAS Iba Yinhloso Ephezulu ye-EU Yokuvinjelwa Okuphelele

I-PFAS, uhlobo lwamakhemikhali e-organic aqukethe i-fluorine, isetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini eziningi okuhlanganisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-fluorochemical, izinto zikagesi, izembozo, izindwangu, ukupakishwa kokudla, kanye nokuvikelwa komlilo, ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezivelele njengokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, ukuvinjelwa kwamanzi, kanye nokuvinjelwa uwoyela. Kodwa-ke, ukuphikelela kwazo kwemvelo kanye nokuqongelela kwezinto eziphilayo kuzenze zaba yindawo ebalulekile yohlaka lokulawula amakhemikhali lwe-EU, ngezizathu ezintathu ezibalulekile:

• Ayiboli emvelweni: I-PFAS ayiboli ngokwemvelo futhi ingahamba amabanga amade ngamanzi nomoya. Uma isikhishiwe, ibangela kalula ukungcoliswa kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba kanye namanzi okuphuza isikhathi eside, kanti imizamo yokulungisa inzima kakhulu futhi ibiza kakhulu.
• Ukuqongelela okunamandla kwe-bio: Amanye ama-PFAS angaqongelela njalo emizimbeni yabantu, ezilwaneni, nasezitshalweni, futhi awakwazi ukususwa ngokushesha ngokusebenzisa imetabolism.
• Izingozi ezinkulu zempilo kanye nezemveloUcwaningo lwesayensi luqinisekisile ukuthi ezinye ze-PFAS zinemiphumela enobuthi emzimbeni womuntu, ezingase zidale umdlavuza, zilimaze impilo yokuzala, futhi ziphazamise uhlelo lwe-endocrine. Ziphinde zibe usongo olucashile ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezinhlelweni zemvelo.

Isizinda Esiyinhloko Sesiphakamiso Sokuvinjelwa Kwe-EU PFAS kanye Nokwahlukaniswa Kwemisebenzi Phakathi KwamaKomidi Amabili Esayensi

Isiphakamiso esibanzi se-EU sokuvinjelwa kwe-PFAS sabhalwa ngokubambisana yiziphathimandla zikazwelonke zamazwe amahlanu: iDenmark, iJalimane, iNetherlands, iNorway, neSweden, futhi sathunyelwa ngokusemthethweni kwi-ECHA ngomhlaka-13 Januwari 2023. Umgomo waso oyinhloko ukunciphisa kakhulu ukukhishwa kwe-PFAS emvelweni nokuthuthukisa ukuphepha kwemikhiqizo nezinqubo zokukhiqiza.

Njengendikimba eyinhloko yokulawulwa kwamakhemikhali e-EU, i-ECHA iphathisa ukuhlolwa kobungcweti kwalesi siphakamiso kumakomidi amabili abalulekile esayensi - i-RAC ne-SEAC - anezindima ezihlukile nezibalulekile:

ishidi

Imibono yokuhlola yala makomiti amabili izosebenza njengesisekelo esiyinhloko sesayensi seKhomishini yaseYurophu ukwakha imithethonqubo esemthethweni yemikhawulo ye-PFAS.

Izikhathi Ezibalulekile: Inqubo Yezomthetho Ka-2026 Yokuvinjelwa Kwe-EU PFAS

Unyaka ka-2026 uwunyaka obalulekile wesiphakamiso sokuvinjelwa kwe-PFAS se-EU sokusuka ekuhlolweni kwesayensi siye ekuvoteni komthetho. Zonke izinkampani zaseShayina ezithumela kwamanye amazwe e-EU kumele ziqaphe eduze izikhathi ezilandelayo futhi zithuthukise umsebenzi wokuthobela imithetho ngendlela efanele - noma yikuphi ukubambezeleka kunoma yisiphi isigaba kungabangela ukulahlekelwa ukufinyelela emakethe ye-EU kwemikhiqizo yazo:

1. Mashi 2026 kuqhubeke: I-ECHA izoshicilela ngokusemthethweni umbono owuhlaka lwe-SEAC kanye nombono wokugcina we-RAC ngasikhathi sinye, kulandelwe Isikhathi sokubonisana nomphakathi sezinsuku ezingama-60Ababambiqhaza okuhlanganisa amabhizinisi nezinhlangano zezimboni bangathumela izicelo zempendulo kanye nokukhululwa phakathi nalesi sikhathi.
2. Ukuphela kuka-2026: I-SEAC izokwamukela ngokusemthethweni umbono wayo wokugcina ngesiphakamiso sokuvinjelwa kwe-PFAS, ifake ulwazi olusha olufanele kanye nedatha etholwe ngesikhathi sokuxoxisana nomphakathi. Lokhu kuzophawula ukuqedwa kwayo yonke imisebenzi yokuhlola yesayensi ngamakomidi amabili esayensi e-ECHA.
3. Ngemuva kokuphela kuka-2026: I-ECHA izothumela ngokusemthethweni imibono yokugcina yamakomiti womabili kwiKhomishini yaseYurophu.
4. Isigaba esilandelayo somthetho: IKhomishini yaseYurophu izobhala imithethonqubo esemthethweni yemingcele ye-PFAS ngokusekelwe emibonweni yokuhlola, bese ithumela lo mbhalo kwiKomidi le-REACH (elakhiwe amazwe angamalungu e-EU) ukuze kuxoxwe ngawo futhi kuvotwe. Le mithethonqubo izoqala ukusebenza ngokusemthethweni futhi isetshenziswe lapho ivunywa.

Isikhumbuzo Esibucayi: Iwindi lokubonisana nomphakathi lezinsuku ezingama-60 liyithuba elibalulekile lamabhizinisi lokuvikela amalungelo nezintshisekelo zawo ezisemthethweni. Ikakhulukazi, izimboni ezibhekene nezingqinamba zobuchwepheshe kanye nezintula ezinye izindlela ezifanele ze-PFAS kumele zibe nezwi elisebenzayo phakathi nalesi sikhathi.

Izincomo Zokuthobela Umthetho Kwabathumeli Bempahla BaseShayina: Bamba Ifasitela, Ulandele Umthetho Ngaphambi Kokuqala

Ukuqala kokusebenza kwemithethonqubo ye-PFAS ye-EU akunakugwenywa. Ukuhlela okusebenzayo kuyisu eliyinhloko lamabhizinisi aseShayina lokunciphisa izindleko zokuthobela imithetho nokugwema izingozi zokuhweba. Ukuze abhekane nalolu shintsho lomthetho, amabhizinisi ayelulekwa ukuthi athathe izinyathelo ezilandelayo ngokushesha:

• Yenza ukuzihlola kwangaphakathi: Hlunga ukuthi i-PFAS isetshenziswa yini emikhiqizweni yezinkampani kanye nezinto zokusetshenziswa, bese ukhomba ngokucacile izixhumanisi zohlelo lokusebenza kanye namazinga okuqukethwe kwe-PFAS.
• Ukuhlolwa okuphelele kobungcweti: Nika izikhungo zokuhlola zobungcweti ezifanelekayo umsebenzi wokuhlola i-PFAS ngokugcwele ngokushesha okukhulu ukuze kutholakale idatha eyisisekelo yokuthobela imithetho.
• Bamba iqhaza ekubonisaneni nomphakathi: Bambisana nezinhlangano zezimboni ukuze uthumele impendulo esebenzayo phakathi nesikhathi sokuxoxisana nomphakathi sezinsuku ezingu-60, futhi ulwele ukukhululwa okuqondene nemboni lapho kufanele khona.
• Qalisa i-R&D ehlukile: Beka ucwaningo, ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokuhlolwa kwezinto nezinqubo ezihlukile ze-PFAS esiteji sokuqala ukuze ugweme ukungasebenzi kahle uma imithethonqubo iqala ukusebenza.
• Yakha uhlelo oluphelele lokuthobela imithetho: Sungula indlela yokulawula ye-PFAS egcwele ukuze kufezwe ukuphathwa kokuthobela imithetho okujwayelekile kubo bonke abahlinzeki, izinqubo zokukhiqiza kanye nokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi.

Imicabango Yokugcina

Ukuvinjelwa kwe-EU emhlabeni wonke kwi-PFAS kuyisibonakaliso esibalulekile sokushintsha komhlaba wonke ekulawulweni kwamakhemikhali okuya intuthuko eluhlaza, ephephile neqhubekayo, futhi ibeka izidingo eziphakeme emandleni okuthobela imithetho yamabhizinisi angaphandle afanele aseShayina. Izinselele zihambisana namathuba: ukuqedela ukulawula kwe-PFAS kanye nokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo kusenesikhathi ngeke kusize amabhizinisi ukuthi agcine isabelo sawo emakethe ye-EU kuphela kodwa futhi kuzothuthukisa ukuncintisana kwawo okuyinhloko emakethe yomhlaba wonke. Kubakhiqizi nabathumeli baseShayina, ukuzivumelanisa nalesi simo sokulawula esiqinile akuyona nje imfuneko yokuthobela imithetho, kodwa kuyindlela yokukhetha isu yentuthuko yesikhathi eside endaweni yamakhemikhali yomhlaba wonke kanye nokukhiqiza.

Ireferensi Yomthombo Osemthethweni: https://echa.europa.eu/de/-/echa-s-socio-economic-analysis-committee-agrees-its-draft-opinion-on-pfas-restriction-proposal