Umthethonqubo we-EU PPWR: Ukusetshenziswa Okugcwele kusukela ngo-Agasti 2026 - Umhlahlandlela Ophelele Wamabhizinisi Anqamula Imingcele
Ngomhlaka-16 Disemba 2024, uMkhandlu we-European Union wamukela ngokusemthethweni uMthethonqubo Wokupakishwa Nokupakishwa Kwemfucuza (i-EU) 2025/40 (i-PPWR). Wasayinwa ngokusemthethweni yiPhalamende laseYurophu kanye noMkhandlu ngomhlaka-19 Disemba, futhi washicilelwa ku-Official Journal of the European Union ngomhlaka-22 Januwari 2025, wasusa ngokusemthethweni i-Directive endala 94/62/EC. I-PPWR yaqala ukusebenza ngomhlaka-11 Febhuwari 2025, futhi izoqala ukusebenza ngokugcwele kusukela ngomhlaka-12 Agasti 2026 (ngaphandle kokuthi kuchazwe ngenye indlela). Ihlanganisa udoti wokupakisha nokupakisha kuzo zonke izimboni nezimo, okuhlanganisa nezimboni, ezokuthengisa, ezokuhweba nge-inthanethi, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwekhaya, futhi bonke abathintekayo kumele balandele ngokuqinile.
Njengohlaka olusha lwe-EU lokulawula ukupakishwa oluhlanganisiwe, i-PPWR ibumba kabusha imithetho yokuphatha umjikelezo wokuphila konke wokupakisha. Zonke izidingo—kusukela ekulawulweni kwezidakamizwa kanye nokuphinde kusetshenziswe kuya kokuqukethwe okuphinde kusetshenziswe kanye nokuvinjelwa kokulebula—zithinta ngqo ukuvunyelwa kwamasiko kanye nokuthengisa kwabathengisi basemingceleni. Ngezansi ukuhlukaniswa okuningiliziwe kwezimfuneko zayo eziyinhloko ukukusiza ukuthi uqonde ngokushesha izinto eziza kuqala ekuhambisaneni nomthetho.
01 Ubani futhi Yini Elawulwa Yi-PPWR?
Izinhlangano Ezilawulwayo
Ihlanganisa zonke izinhlangano zochungechunge lokuhlinzeka ngempahla, okuhlanganisa abakhiqizi, abangenisi, abasabalalisi, abathengisi, kanye namapulatifomu e-commerce.
Ububanzi Bokulawula
Kuhlanganisa ukungcola kokupakisha nokupakisha kwazo zonke izinto (ipulasitiki, iphepha, insimbi, ingilazi, ukhuni, izinto ezihlanganisiwe, njll.) kanye nazo zonke izimo (izimboni, ezentengiselwano, izimpahla zabathengi, ukupakisha kwempahla, njll.). Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imikhiqizo ikhiqizwa ngaphakathi noma ngaphandle kwe-EU, noma yimuphi umkhiqizo onephakheji ebekwe emakethe ye-EU ungaphansi kwalomthethonqubo.
Inothi Eliyinhloko ku-EPR
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-PPWR ayiqedi izinhlelo ze-Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) ezikhona zamazwe angamalungu e-EU, futhi ayivezi "inombolo ye-EPR ehlanganisiwe ye-EU". Amabhizinisi kumele asalandele "isimiso sendawo":
Uma ubeka imikhiqizo epakishiwe emakethe yabathengi ezweni elithile le-EU, kufanele uqedele ukubhalisa kwe-EPR kulelo zwe futhi unikeze ulwazi lokubhalisa olusebenzayo epulatifomu ye-e-commerce.
- IJalimane: Ukubhaliswa ngezinhlelo ezifanele njenge-LUCID kuyadingeka.
- IFrance: Ukubhaliswa kwe-EPR kumele kuqedwe ngezikhungo ezifana ne-Citeo.
- I-Italy: Ukuthobela imithetho kumele kwenziwe ngokusekelwe ohlelweni lwe-CONAI.
- ISpain: Landela imithetho yendawo yokupakisha ekhethekile ye-EPR.
Imfuneko eyinhloko ye-PPWR "ukumbozwa kokuthobela imithetho okugcwele", hhayi "izinqubo zokubhalisa ezilula". Amabhizinisi kumele alahle umqondo wokuthi "konke kwenziwe" futhi asebenzise ukuthobela imithetho emakethe ngayinye eqondiwe.
02 Yiziphi Izidingo Eziyinhloko ze-PPWR?
2.1 Ukulawulwa Okuphoqelekile Kwezinto Eziyingozi
| Uhlobo Lokulawula | Ububanzi Bokusetshenziswa | Izidingo Zomkhawulo | Amanothi Ayisihluthulelo |
| Izinsimbi Ezinzima Ezijwayelekile | Konke ukupakishwa | Okuqukethwe okuphelele kwe-lead (Pb) + i-cadmium (Cd) + i-mercury (Hg) + i-hexavalent chromium (Cr⁶⁺) ≤ 100mg/kg | Isamba sezinto ezine kumele sihlangabezane nezindinganiso; akukho mingcele ngayinye ebekwe izakhi ezilodwa. |
| I-PFAS ekupakisheni kokuxhumana kokudla | Ukupakisha kuxhumene ngqo nokudla | 1. I-PFAS eqondiwe ngayinye (ngaphandle kwe-polymeric PFAS) | Uma okuqukethwe kwe-fluorine okuphelele kudlula u-50mg/kg, kufanele kunikezwe isitifiketi sokuqukethwe kwe-fluorine, esichaza isilinganiso sayo ku-PFAS noma okungeyona i-PFAS. |
2.2 Ukuhlukaniswa Kokusetshenziswa Kabusha kanye Nemingcele Yokufinyelela
Kusukela ngoJanuwari 1, 2030, konke ukupakisha okufakwa emakethe ye-EU kumele kuphinde kusetshenziswe futhi kuhambisane nesimiso "sokuklama ukuphinda kusetshenziswe"—kumele kusetshenziswe ekusetshenzisweni kabusha kwezinto ukuze kuthathelwe indawo izinto zokusetshenziswa futhi kuqoqwe futhi kuhlelwe ngokwehlukana lapho kuba yimfucuza.
- Umkhawulo Wokufinyelela ka-2030: Ukupakisha kumele kuhlangabezane nokusebenza kokuphinda kusetshenziswe amazinga A, B, noma C; ukupakisha okungaphansi kwebanga C akuvunyelwe ukungena emakethe ye-EU.
- Isidingo Sokuthuthukiswa Kwango-2038: Amamaki okusebenza okuhambisana nokupakishwa kabusha kuphela A noma B ku-Annex II, Ithebula 3 loMthethonqubo (i-EU) 2025/40 angabekwa emakethe ye-EU.
- Isimiso Esiyinhloko: Umklamo wokupakisha kumele ucabangele ukuphindeka kabusha, ugweme izinto ezihlanganisiwe, izakhiwo ezinezingqimba eziningi, kanye neminye imiklamo ekhulisa ubunzima bokuphinda kusetshenziswe kabusha, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukusebenza kahle kokuphinda kusetshenziswe kabusha kuhlangabezana nezindinganiso.
2.3 Izidingo Zokuqukethwe Okuphinde Kwasetshenziswa Okuphoqelekile Kokupakishwa Kwepulasitiki
Ukupakishwa kwepulasitiki kumele kube nepulasitiki ephinde yasetshenziswa ngemva kokuthengwa (i-PCR). Umthethonqubo ubeka izidingo ezincane zokuqukethwe okuphinde kwasetshenziswa ngezigaba ezimbili—2030 kanye no-2040—ngohlobo lokupakishwa. Ukwehluleka ukuhlangabezana nalezi zidingo kuzoholela ekwenqatshweni kokuvunyelwa kwentela.
| Uhlobo Lokupakisha | Okuqukethwe Okuncane Okusetshenziswe Kabusha (2030) | Okuqukethwe Okuncane Okusetshenziswe Kabusha (2040) | Amanothi |
| Ukupakishwa okuthinta i-PET (ngaphandle kwamabhodlela eziphuzo zepulasitiki asetshenziswa kanye kuphela) | 30% | 50% | Ukupakishwa okuthintana kalula, njengokupakisha okulula kanye nokuhlobisa. |
| Ukupakishwa okungenazo izifuyo ezithintana nokuxhumana (ngaphandle kwamabhodlela eziphuzo zepulasitiki asetshenziswa kanye kuphela) | 10% | 25% | Ukupakishwa okuthintana kalula ngaphandle kwe-PET. |
| Amabhodlela eziphuzo epulasitiki asetshenziswa kanye kuphela | 30% | 65% | Isigaba esilawulwayo esiyinhloko embonini yeziphuzo. |
| Okunye ukupakisha kwepulasitiki | 35% | 65% | Kubandakanya amabhokisi okushintshana kwempahla kanye nokupakishwa kwepulasitiki okuvamile. |
Isikhumbuzi Sokuthobela Imithetho: IKhomishini yaseYurophu izocacisa izindlela zokubala nokuqinisekisa okuqukethwe okuphinde kwasetshenziswa ngoDisemba 31, 2026. Amabhizinisi kumele ahlele ukuthengwa kwezinto eziphinde zasetshenziswa kusenesikhathi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isilinganiso sokuqukethwe sihlangabezana nezidingo.
2.4 Ukulawulwa Kokuncishiswa Kokupakisha Nokupakisha Okungaphezu Kokulindelekile
Ngomhlaka-12 kuNhlolanja 2027, i-EU izokwethula indlela yokubala ehlanganisiwe kanye nezindinganiso zokunciphisa ukupakisha (kufaka phakathi imikhawulo yesisindo esiphezulu, ivolumu, ukujiya kodonga, kanye nendawo engenalutho).
Kusukela ngomhlaka-1 Januwari 2030, abakhiqizi noma abangenisi kumele baqinisekise ukuthi ukwakheka kokupakisha kunciphisa isisindo kanye nomthamo kube okungenani okudingekayo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwawo, kuyilapho kucatshangelwa ukuma kwezinto zokupakisha nezinto zokwakha. Izisekelo ezingamanga, izendlalelo ezingafuneki azivunyelwe, kanye nesilinganiso se-void sokupakisha kwe-e-commerce kumele sihambisane nezindinganiso ze-EU.
Imiklamo ekhulisa ivolumu ebonwayo, njengezindonga ezimbili kanye nephansi eliyimbumbulu, ayivunyelwe ukugwema imfucuza yezinsiza kanye nomthwalo wemvelo. Ukupakisha kumele kulinganise ukusebenza kahle kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, kuncishiswe ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ngenkathi kuqinisekiswa ukuphepha komkhiqizo.
03 Yiziphi Izikhathi Ezibalulekile Ze-PPWR?
| Umugqa wesikhathi | Okuqukethwe Okuyinhloko |
| 11 kuNhlolanja 2025 | I-PPWR ishicilelwe ngokusemthethweni, ithatha indawo yeSiqondiso 94/62/EC. |
| 12 Nhlolanja 2026 | I-EU idinga ukuthuthukiswa kwemininingwane yobuchwepheshe ehlanganisiwe yokupakisha okunomanyolo. |
| 12 Agasti 2026 | Imikhawulo ye-PFAS (yokupakisha ukudla) kanye nemikhawulo yensimbi esindayo iyonke iyaqala ukusebenza; ukusetshenziswa okuphelele kwezidingo zezinto zokupakisha. |
| 12 kuNhlolanja 2027 | I-EU yakha izindlela zokubala ezihlangene kanye nezindinganiso zokunciphisa ukupakisha. |
| 12 kuNhlolanja 2028 | Ukubuyekezwa kobuchwepheshe bokupakisha ipulasitiki obusekelwe ku-bio; ukupakisha okunomanyolo kumele kwakhelwe ukuphinda kusetshenziswe izinto njengento eza kuqala. |
| Januwari 1, 2030 | Isisindo kanye nomthamo wokupakishwa kumele kuncishiswe (ngokusekelwe ekuhlangabezaneni nezidingo zokusebenza). |
| Januwari 1, 2035 | Ukubuyekezwa kohlu lweziphako ezingaphinde zisetshenziswe (njengokupakisha kwemithi nokudla kwezingane), okungase kulungise ububanzi bokuxolelwa. |
04 Yiziphi Izincomo Zokuthobela Imithetho ze-PPWR?
Ukuzihlola Okuphelele
Ngokuhambisana nezimfuneko ze-PPWR, hlola okuqukethwe kwezinto eziyingozi, ukuphinde kusetshenziswe, kanye nesilinganiso sokuqukethwe okuphinde kusetshenziswe kokupakishwa okukhona. Gxila ekuqinisekiseni imikhawulo ye-PFAS yokupakishwa kokudla bese wenza ukuhlolwa komuntu wesithathu kusenesikhathi.
Ukuthuthukiswa Kochungechunge Lokunikezela
Bambisana nabahlinzeki bokupakisha abathobela imithetho, cacisa isilinganiso sokuthengwa kwezinto ezisetshenziswe kabusha, lungisa ukwakheka kokupakisha, nciphisa ukupakisha ngokweqile, futhi uqinisekise ukuthi ukuphindaphinda kokupakisha kuqediwe ngaphambi kuka-Agasti 2026.
Ukulungiselela Iziqu
Qoqa amadokhumenti okuthobela imithetho njengemibiko yokuhlola, amadokhumenti obuchwepheshe, kanye nezitifiketi zokubhalisa ze-EPR, bese usungula ifayela lokuthobela imithetho elihlanganisa isixhumanisi esigcwele ukuze uphendule ekuhlolweni kwamasiko kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhasimende.
Uhlelo Lokulungiselela Ngezigaba Lwamabhizinisi Anqamula Imingcele
Uma okwamanje usebenza noma uhlela ukujulisa ukuba khona kwakho emakethe yaseYurophu enqamula imingcele, kutuswa ukuthi uqale amalungiselelo alandelayo ngokushesha okukhulu:
Isigaba 1: Ukuhlelwa Kwesimo Samanje (Januwari-Febhuwari 2026)
1. Hlela uhlu lwezindawo zokuthengisa
- Gxila emazweni lapho abathengi bathola khona izimpahla, hhayi nje lapho kuvulwa khona izitolo.
- Amazwe abalulekile: Izimakethe ezinkulu njengeJalimane, iFrance, i-Italy, iSpain, nePoland.
- Isincomo: Thumela idatha ye-oda yezinyanga eziyi-12 ezedlule bese ubala amazwe okuthengisa angempela ngekheli lokulethwa.
2.Qinisekisa isimo sokubhaliswa kwe-EPR
- Hlola ukuthi ukubhaliswa kwe-EPR sekuqediwe yini ezweni ngalinye lokuthengisa.
- Qinisekisa ukuthi inombolo yokubhalisa iyasebenza yini futhi ingaphakathi kwesikhathi sokusebenza.
- Qaphela: Ukubhaliswa kumele kuqinisekiswe ngokwehlukana kwezigaba ezifana nokupakisha, amabhethri, kanye nemishini kagesi neye-elekthronikhi.
3. Hlola ukuhambisana kwezinto zokupakisha
- Hlola ukuthi izinto zokupakisha ziyahlangabezana yini nemingcele ye-PPWR yezinto eziyingozi (njengezinsimbi ezisindayo kanye ne-PFAS).
- Hlola ukuthi umklamo wokuphinda usebenzise uyahlangabezana yini nezidingo.
- Thola izinhlobo zokupakisha ezidinga ukulungiswa.
Isigaba 2: Ukubhalisa kanye Nesimemezelo (Mashi-Meyi 2026)
1. Ukubhaliswa kwe-EPR ngezwe
- Qala inqubo yokubhalisa emazweni lapho ukubhaliswa kungaqedwanga khona.
- Qaphela: Umjikelezo wokubhalisa emazweni afana neJalimane neFrance kulindeleke ukuthi uthathe inyanga eyodwa kuya kwezintathu.
- Isincomo: Beka phambili amazwe amakhulu okuthengisa, bese kuba yizimakethe zesibili.
2. Lungisa izinto ezidingekayo ngamapulatifomu
- Hlela izinombolo zokubhalisa ze-EPR zezwe ngalinye.
- Lungisa ulwazi lwenhlangano yokubhalisa kanye nemibhalo yokugunyazwa.
- Sungula incwadi yokuphatha ulwazi ye-EPR.
3. Xhumana nezindlela zokuqinisekisa namapulatifomu
- Qonda izidingo zokuqinisekiswa kwepulatifomu ngolwazi lwe-EPR.
- Qinisekisa indlela yokuthumela ulwazi (ukugcwalisa i-backend, i-API docking, njll.).
- Hlola inqubo yokuqinisekisa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ulwazi lungabonakala kahle.
Isigaba 3: Ukulungiselela Okuhlelekile (Juni-Agasti 2026)
1. Misa indlela yokulandelela idatha
- Misa uhlelo lokuxhumana phakathi kwedatha yokuthengisa kanye nezimemezelo ze-EPR.
- Qinisekisa ikhono lokubala ivolumu yokupakisha ngezwe kanye nesigaba.
- Lungiselela izimemezelo ezivamile.
2. Qeqesha amaqembu angaphakathi
- Ithimba lokusebenza: Qonda umthelela we-EPR ohlwini lwemikhiqizo.
- Ithimba lezezimali: Qonda ukubalwa kwezindleko ze-EPR kanye nesimemezelo.
- Umphathi Wokuthobela Imithetho: Imikhuba Emihle Yokulawula kanye Namasu Okuphendula.
3. Yakha izinhlelo eziphuthumayo
- Inqubo yokusingatha ukwehluleka kokuqinisekiswa kweplatifomu.
- Indlela yokubuyekeza izinombolo zokubhalisa eziphelelwe yisikhathi noma ezishintshiwe.
- Uhlelo lokuxhumana lokuphendula ukuhlolwa kwemithetho.
I-PPWR akuyona nje "imithethonqubo yemvelo" elula; iyisinyathelo esiyinhloko se-EU sokwakha umnotho ojikelezayo kanye nomkhawulo oqinile wokuthobela imithetho yamabhizinisi athumela kwamanye amazwe. Njengoba usuku oluphelele lokuqaliswa mhla ziyi-12 kuNcwaba wezi-2026 lusondela, ukuhlela ukuthobela imithetho kusengaphambili kubalulekile ukuze kugwenywe izingozi ezifana nokuboshwa kwentela kanye nokulahlekelwa amakhasimende. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukupakisha okunokusetshenziswa kabusha okuphezulu kanye nokuqukethwe okusetshenziswe kabusha okuphezulu kuzoba yindlela ethandwayo emakethe ye-EU, futhi ukuthatha isinyathelo sokuthuthukisa nakho kuyisihluthulelo sokubamba amathuba emakethe.